Kuchita zovuta ndikukonzansoMa pcbsimatha kukulitsa madera okhazikika. Ngati PCB yolakwika imakumana ndi nthawi yaMsonkhano wa PCBNjira, bolodi ya PCB imatha kukonzedwa malinga ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa chakudya. Pansipa pali njira zina zothandizirana ndikukonza ma PCB.
1. Momwe mungachitire mgwirizano wapamwamba pa PCB paKupanga?
Nthawi zambiri, mafakitale a PCB ali ndi zida zapadera ndi njira zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimathandizira kuyendetsa ma PC mokwanira.
Kuyang'anira AOI kumangotulutsa kumene kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu, mabungwe osasamala, ndi zolakwika zina pa PCB. Zida za AOI zimagwiritsa ntchito makamera kuti agwire zithunzi zingapo za PCB ndikufanizira ndi mafayilo. Ngati kusokonekera kwapezeka, kumatha kuwonetsa zolakwika.
1.2. Kuyesa kwa Probe
Kuyesa kwa Probe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira mabwalo ofupikiratu komanso otseguka, zinthu zolakwika (ma diodiodi ndi omasulira), ndi chitetezo chotchingira. Njira zingapo zokonza PCB zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zazifupi ndi zolakwitsa.
1.3.Kuyesa kwa FCT
FCT (mayeso a ntchito) makamaka amayang'ana pakuyesa kwa ma PCB. Magawo oyeserera nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa ndi mainjiniya ndipo amatha kuphatikiza mayeso osavuta. Nthawi zina, mapulogalamu apadera ndi protocols yotsatirika ingafunike. Kuyesa kogwiritsira ntchito mwachindunji kumangiriza kwa PCB yomwe ili pansi pa nyengo yachilengedwe.
2. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa PCB
Kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa PCB kumakuthandizani kuzindikira mwachangu zolakwika za PCB. Nawa zolakwika zina:
Zolephera zosokoneza: Kusintha zinthu zolakwika kumatha kuloleza dera kuti ligwire bwino ntchito.
Kuupira: Popanda kuwongolera kutentha, zinthu zina zitha kuwotchedwa.
Kuwonongeka kwakuthupi: Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusamalira anthu,
Kutsogolera ku ming'alu m'magawo, mafupa a msirikali, zigawo za asitikali, zimayenda, ndi mapepala.
Kuonongeka: Ngati PCB imadziwika ndi zovuta, zomwe zimachitika ndi zina zamkuwa zimatha kuwonongeka.
3. Momwe mungasinthire zolakwa za PCB?
Kutsatira mindandanda ndi njira 8:
3-1. Mvetsetsa chinyengo
Pali zigawo zambiri pa PCB, zolumikizidwa kudzera mkuwa. Zimaphatikizaponso mphamvu zamagetsi, nthaka, ndi zizindikiritso zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zigawo zambiri, monga zosefera, ma car Cavactor, ndi ma Nandodi. Kuzindikira izi ndikofunikira kuti pcb kukonzeke.
Kudziwa momwe mungachitire njira yomwe ilili ndi yolakwika imadalira kumvetsetsaChinyengo. Ngati zikhalidwe sizikupezeka, zingakhale zofunikira kusintha mainjiniya kutengera zinthu zomwe zili pa PCB.
3-2. Kuyang'ana Zowoneka
Monga tanena kale, kutentha ndi chimodzi mwazida zazikulu za zolakwa za PCB. Zida zilizonse zopsereza, zimayenda, kapena kulumikiza kwa msilikali kumadziwika mosavuta pomwe kulibe mphamvu zamagetsi. Zitsanzo zina za zilema zimaphatikizapo:
- Kuchulukitsa / Kuchulukitsa / Zosowa
- Zojambulajambula
- Wozizira Ozizira
- Wogulitsa kwambiri
- zida zomangira
- mapepala okwera / osowa
- ming'alu pa pcb
Zonsezi zitha kuwonedwa kudzera mu mawonekedwe owoneka.
3-3. Yerekezerani ndi pcb ofanana
Ngati muli ndi PC ina yofanana ndi kugwira ntchito moyenera komanso cholakwika, zimakhala zosavuta. Mutha kuwona kuti muwone zigawo, zolakwika, komanso zolakwika m'mayendedwe kapena kutanthauza. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito gulu lambiri kuti muwone zowerengera ndi kutulutsa kwa ma board onse. Mitengo yofananayo iyenera kupezeka popeza ma PCB awiriwa ndi ofanana.
3-4. Pezani zinthu zolakwika
Kuyendera kwamawonekedwe sikukukwanira, mutha kudalira zida monga mwamphamvu kapenaLcr mita. Yesani gawo lililonse lokhazikika payekha papepala ndi zofunikira. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizaponso kupewa kupewa, ma capoctors, ma diodictor, oyang'anira, omasulira, ndi maanter.
Mwachitsanzo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito diode kukhala patali pa makina opanga ma diode ndi omasulira. Magawo apansi ndi osonkhanitsa ndi opanga zitsulo amakangana ngati a Diodes. Pazinthu zowongoka za madera ambiri, mutha kuyang'ana zotseguka komanso zazifupi mosiyanasiyana. Ingokhazikitsa mita kuti igwirizane kapena kupitiliza njira ndikupitiliza kuyesa kulumikizidwa kulikonse.
Mukamayang'ana machekewo, ngati kuwerengako kuli m'magawo, gawo limawonedwa kuti likhala likugwira ntchito moyenera. Ngati kuwerengako ndikwachilendo kuposa momwe timayembekezera, pamakhala zovuta ndi gawo la msirikali. Kumvetsetsa magetsi omwe akuyembekezeka pamayeso omwe mayeso amatha kuthandiza pakuwunikira dera.
Njira ina yowunikira zigawozo ndikuwunika. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kwa zinthu zosankhidwa pomwe osakakamiza dera lonse ndikuyezera mayankho am'madzi (v-v-v-v-v-v-v-v-v-v-v-v-v oyankha). Dziwani zonsezo ndikusankha zolembedwa zolumikizidwa ku zigawo zingapo kapena mphamvu. Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo laposachedwa la Kirchhoff (KCL) kuti muwerengere volt kapena vols osadziwika (zosintha) ndikutsimikizira ngati izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe akuyembekezeka. Ngati pali nkhani zomwe zimawonedwa pa mawonekedwe ena, zikuwonetsa cholakwika pakukhalako.
3-5.Kuyesa madera ophatikizidwa
Kuyesa madera ophatikizidwa kumatha kukhala ntchito yayikulu chifukwa cha zovuta zawo. Nayi mayesero ena omwe angachitike:
- Dziwani zonse zolembedwa ndikuyesanso kufinya pogwiritsa ntchitooscilloscope.
- Chongani ngati IC imakhazikika molondola.
- Onetsetsani kuti gulu lonse lolumikizidwa ndi IC likugwira ntchito bwino.
- Yang'anani momwe zinthu ziliri kapena mapepala olumikizira amalumikizidwa ndi IC kuti muwonetsetse kukonza koyenera.
3-6. Kuyesa magetsi
Kuthana ndi zovuta zamagetsi, ndikofunikira kuti muyeze magetsi a sitima. Kuwerenga kwa voltmeter kungawonetse kulowetsa ndi zomwe zidanenedwa za zinthu zina. Kusintha kwa magetsi kumatha kuwonetsa zovuta zomwe angathe. Mwachitsanzo, kuwerenga kwa 0V pa njanji kumatha kuwonetsa kuti ndi gawo lalifupi mu magetsi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwononga. Poyang'anira mayeso okhulupirika amphamvu ndikufanizira mfundo zomwe zimayembekezeredwa ku miyeso yeniyeni, mphamvu yamavuto imatha kukhala yokhayokha.
3-7. Kuzindikira ma stopspots
Zolakwika zowoneka sizingapezeke, kuyendera zakuthupi kudzera mwa jekeseni wamagetsi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwunika. Kulumikizana kolakwika kumatha kupanga kutentha, komwe kumatha kumverera poika dzanja pa bolodi la madera. Njira ina ndikugwiritsa ntchito kamera yamafuta opangira mafuta, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakonda mabwalo a m'manja. Kusamala kofunikira kuyenera kutengedwa kuti mupewe ngozi zamagetsi.
Njira imodzi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito dzanja limodzi lokha poyesedwa. Ngati malo otentha apezeka, pamafunika kukhazikika pansi, kenako malo onse olumikizana kuyenera kufufuzidwa kuti adziwe komwe nkhaniyo ili.
3-8. Kuvutitsa ndi njira zowerengera
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito njirayi, ndikofunikira kuti timvetsetse zomwe zikuyembekezeka ndi mafunde pamayeso. Kuyesedwa kwa magetsi kumatha kuchitidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito ma mulciremeter, oscilloscope, kapena chipangizo chilichonse chonyamula. Kusanthula zotsatira kumatha kuthandiza pakulakwitsa.
4. Zida zofunikaKukonza PCB
Asanapange kukonzanso kulikonse, ndikofunikira kutolera zida zofunikira kuti agwire ntchito, monga mawuwo akupita, 'mpeni wopanda pake sutha kudula mitengo.'
● Ntchito yogwira ntchito yokhala ndi zifukwa za Edd, manyukake amphamvu, ndi kuunika ndikofunikira.
● Kuchepetsa mantha oterera, ophatikizidwa obwera kapena ogulitsa angafunikire kufalitsa gulu la madera.
● Chigawo chobowoleza chobowolo chotsika chimafunikira kuti muchepetse ndi kutsegulira kwake panthawi yoyenera. Dongosolo ili limalola kuwongolera m'mimba mwake ndi kuya kwa mipata.
● Chitsulo chabwino chimafunikira kuti chisayenetse kuwonetsetsa kuti alonda oyenera.
● Kuphatikiza apo, ma elcoptuckati amafunikanso.
● Ngati chigoba cha msipu chimawonongeka, chiyenera kukonzedwa. Zikatero, epoxy stute wosanjikiza ndi woyenera.
5. Kusamala kwa chitetezo nthawi yokonza PCB
Ndikofunikira kuchita njira zodzitetezera kuti mupewe ngozi zotetezedwa panthawi yoyenera.
● Zida zoteteza: Mukamachita ndi kutentha kwambiri kapena mphamvu yayikulu, kuvala zida zoteteza ndikofunikira. Magalasi otetezedwa ndi magolovesi amayenera kuvalidwa panthawi yogulitsa ndi kubowola njira, kuteteza ku ngozi zomwe zingatheke.
Kuvala magolovu pomwe kukonza ma PCB.
● Mutha kuvalanso ma wristbands kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ma anti-stiotic kuti muchepetse kuwopsa kwa ESD.
6. Momwe mungapangire PCB?
Zolakwa Zofala mu PCB nthawi zambiri zimakhudza zilema, zigawo zikuluzikulu, ndi mapiritsi a asitikali.
6-1. Kukonza zinthu zowonongeka
Kuti mukonzekere zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka pa PCB, gwiritsani ntchito chinthu chakuthwa kuti muwonetsetse malo oyambira ndikuchotsa chigoba. Tsukani mkuwa pamwamba ndi zosungunulira kuchotsa zinyalala zilizonse, zomwe zikuthandizira kukwaniritsa zopitilira m'magetsi.
Kapenanso, mutha kugulitsira mawaya a Jumper kuti akonze mayendedwe ake. Onetsetsani kuti waya mulifupi ukuyang'ana m'lifupi kuti ukhale wochita zinthu zoyenera.
Kusintha zinthu zowonongeka
Kuti muchotse zigawo zovulaza kapena wogulitsira wochita bwino kuchokera kumalumikizidwe a msinkhu, ndikofunikira kusungunula msilikali, koma chenjezo liyenera kuchotsedwa kuti apewe kupanikizika pamadera ozungulira. Kutsatira njira zomwe zili pansipa kuti musinthe zigawo za dera:
● Chotsani gulu la alonda mwachangu pogwiritsa ntchito chida chachitsulo kapena chonyansa.
● Wogulitsa akasungunuka, amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosangalatsa kuti ichotse madzi.
● Tikatha kuchotsa maulumikizidwe onse, gawo lomwe lidzatulutsidwa.
● Chotsatira, sonkhanitsani chinthu chatsopanocho ndi ogulitsa malo.
● Tsitsani kutalika kwa gawo la chigawochi kumatsogolera pogwiritsa ntchito ma waya.
● Onetsetsani kuti madera omwe ali olumikizidwa malinga ndi polariofunika.
6-3. Kukonza madontho owonongeka
Ndi nthawi yoyenda pa mapiritsi, mapiritsi a stard pa PCB amatha kukweza, contode, kapena kusweka. Nazi njira zomwe zimakonza mapiritsi owonongeka:
Mapepala okweza: Yeretsani malowo ndi zosungunulira pogwiritsa ntchito swab ya thonje. Kuti mulumikizane ndi zolowera m'malo mwake, gwiritsani ntchito Epoxy Tsitsirani padeli ndi kukanikiza pansi, kulola epoxy restin kuchiritsa musanapitirize ndi ntchito yogulitsayo.
Wowonongeka kapena wodetsedwa mapepala: Chotsani kapena kudula kapena kudula pa supu ya wodwalayo, ndikuwonetsa kuyeserera kolumikizidwa ndi kukwapula chigoba cha asitikali kuzungulira pad. Yeretsani malowo ndi zosungunulira pogwiritsa ntchito swab ya thonje. Pa gulu latsopano lankhondo (lolumikizidwa ndi trace), gwiritsani ntchito wosanjikiza wa epoxy imatukula ndikuiteteza m'malo mwake. Kenako, onjezani epoxy prin pakati pa trace ndi walonda pad. Chiritsani zisanachitike ndi ntchito yogulitsa.
Shenzhen Anke PCB CO., LTD
2023-7-20
Post Nthawi: Jul-21-2023
