Mainjiniya amagetsi nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi vuto loti adziwe kuchuluka koyenera kwa zigawo za mapangidwe a PCB.Kodi ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zambiri kapena zochepa?Kodi mumasankha bwanji kuchuluka kwa zigawo za PCB?
1.Kodi PCB wosanjikiza amatanthauza chiyani?
Zigawo za PCB zimatanthawuza zigawo zamkuwa zomwe zimakhala ndi laminated ndi gawo lapansi.Kupatula ma PCB osanjikiza amodzi omwe ali ndi wosanjikiza umodzi wokha wamkuwa, ma PCB onse okhala ndi zigawo ziwiri kapena kuposerapo amakhala ndi zigawo zingapo.Zigawozo zimagulitsidwa kumtunda wakunja, pamene zigawo zina zimakhala ngati mawaya.Komabe, ma PCB ena apamwamba amaphatikizanso zigawo mkati mwa zigawo zamkati.
Ma PCB amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi ndi makina m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, monga zamagetsi zamagetsi, magalimoto, matelefoni, zakuthambo, zankhondo, ndi zamankhwala.
mafakitale.Kuchuluka kwa zigawo ndi kukula kwa bolodi yeniyeni kumatsimikizira mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya PCB.Pamene chiwerengero cha zigawo chikuwonjezeka, momwemonso magwiridwe antchito.
2.Momwe Mungadziwire Chiwerengero cha Zigawo za PCB?
Posankha kuchuluka koyenera kwa zigawo za PCB, ndikofunikira kuganizira zaubwino wogwiritsa ntchito magawo angapo motsutsana ndi magawo amodzi kapena awiri.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunikanso kuganizira ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe amodzi osanjikizana ndi ma multilayer designs.Zinthu izi zitha kuwunikidwa panjira zisanu zotsatirazi:
2-1.Kodi PCB idzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti?
Podziwa zofunikira za bolodi la PCB, ndikofunikira kuganizira makina kapena zida zomwe PCB idzagwiritsire ntchito, komanso zofunikira za board board pazida zotere.Izi zikuphatikizapo kuzindikira ngati bolodi la PCB lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito mwaukadaulo komanso
zinthu zovuta zamagetsi, kapena muzinthu zosavuta zomwe zimakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito.
2-2.Ndi ma frequency otani omwe amafunikira pa PCB?
Nkhani yogwira ntchito pafupipafupi iyenera kuganiziridwa popanga PCB popeza chizindikirochi chimatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito ndi mphamvu ya PCB.Pakuthamanga kwambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito, ma PCB amitundu yambiri ndiofunikira.
2-3.Kodi bajeti ya polojekiti ndi yotani?
Mfundo zina zofunika kuziganizira ndi ndalama zopangira single
ndi ma PCB osanjikiza awiri motsutsana ndi ma PCB amitundu yambiri.Ngati mukufuna PCB yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri momwe mungathere, mtengo wake udzakhala wokwera kwambiri.
Anthu ena amafunsa za ubale pakati pa kuchuluka kwa zigawo mu PCB ndi mtengo wake.Nthawi zambiri, PCB ikakhala ndi zigawo zambiri, mtengo wake umakwera.Izi zili choncho chifukwa kupanga ndi kupanga PCB yamitundu yambiri kumatenga nthawi yayitali motero kumawononga ndalama zambiri.Tchati chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa mtengo wapakati wa ma PCB osanjikiza ambiri kwa opanga atatu osiyanasiyana pamikhalidwe iyi:
PCB kuyitanitsa kuchuluka: 100;
PCB kukula: 400mm x 200mm;
Chiwerengero cha zigawo: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.
Tchatichi chikuwonetsa mtengo wapakati wa ma PCB ochokera kumakampani atatu osiyanasiyana, osaphatikiza ndalama zotumizira.Mtengo wa PCB ukhoza kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawebusayiti a PCB, omwe amakulolani kusankha magawo osiyanasiyana monga mtundu wa kondakitala, kukula, kuchuluka, ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo.Tchatichi chimangopereka lingaliro lambiri lamitengo ya PCB kuchokera kwa opanga atatu, ndipo mitengo imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo.Ndalama zotumizira sizikuphatikizidwa.Zowerengera zogwira mtima zimapezeka pa intaneti, zoperekedwa ndi opanga okha kuti athandize makasitomala kuwunika mtengo wa mabwalo awo osindikizidwa kutengera magawo osiyanasiyana monga mtundu wa kondakitala, kukula, kuchuluka, kuchuluka kwa zigawo, zida zotsekera, makulidwe, ndi zina zambiri.
2-4.Kodi nthawi yoperekera PCB ndi iti?
Nthawi yobweretsera imatanthawuza nthawi yomwe imatengera kupanga ndi kutumiza ma PCB amodzi / awiri / angapo.Pamene muyenera kutulutsa kuchuluka kwa PCBs, nthawi yobereka iyenera kuganiziridwa.Nthawi yobweretsera ma PCB amodzi/awiri/awiri amasiyanasiyana ndipo zimatengera kukula kwa dera la PCB.Inde, ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri, nthawi yobweretsera ikhoza kufupikitsidwa.
2-5.Kodi PCB imafuna kachulukidwe ndi chizindikiro chanji?
Chiwerengero cha zigawo mu PCB zimatengera kachulukidwe pini ndi zigawo zizindikiro.Mwachitsanzo, kachulukidwe ka pini ya 1.0 imafuna zigawo za 2, ndipo kuchuluka kwa pini kumachepa, kuchuluka kwa zigawo zofunika kumawonjezeka.Ngati kachulukidwe ka pini ndi 0.2 kapena kuchepera, magawo 10 a PCB amafunikira.
3.Ubwino wa Zigawo Zosiyana za PCB - Single-layer/Double-layer/Multi-layer.
3-1.PCB yosanjikiza imodzi
Ntchito yomanga imodzi-wosanjikiza PCB ndi yosavuta, wopangidwa limodzi wosanjikiza mbamuikha ndi welded zigawo za zakuthupi conductive magetsi.Gawo loyamba limakutidwa ndi mbale yamkuwa, ndiyeno solder-resist layer imagwiritsidwa ntchito.Chithunzi cha single-wosanjikiza PCB nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza atatu achikuda n'kupanga kuimira wosanjikiza ndi awiri chophimba zigawo zake - imvi kwa dielectric wosanjikiza palokha, bulauni kwa mbale mkuwa atavala, ndi zobiriwira kwa solder-kukana wosanjikiza.
Ubwino:
● Mtengo wotsika mtengo, makamaka popanga zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, zomwe zimakhala ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri.
● Kusonkhana kwa zigawo, kubowola, soldering, ndi kukhazikitsa ndizosavuta, ndipo kupanga sikungathe kukumana ndi mavuto.
● Zachuma komanso zoyenera kupanga zambiri.
● Kusankha kwabwino kwa mapangidwe otsika kwambiri.
Mapulogalamu:
● Ma calculator oyambira amagwiritsa ntchito ma PCB osanjikiza amodzi.
● Mawayilesi, monga ma alamu a wailesi otsika mtengo amene amagulitsidwa m’masitolo, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma PCB amtundu umodzi.
● Makina a khofi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma PCB osanjikizana.
● Zida zina za m’nyumba zimagwiritsa ntchito ma PCB osanjikizana limodzi.
3-2.Pawiri-wosanjikiza PCB
Pawiri wosanjikiza PCB ali ndi zigawo ziwiri za mkuwa plating ndi insulating wosanjikiza pakati.Zigawo zimayikidwa mbali zonse za bolodi, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwanso PCB yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri.Amapangidwa polumikiza zigawo ziwiri zamkuwa pamodzi ndi zida za dielectric pakati, ndipo mbali iliyonse yamkuwa imatha kutumiza zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi.Ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kuyika kophatikizana.
Zizindikiro zamagetsi zimayendetsedwa pakati pa zigawo ziwiri zamkuwa, ndipo zida za dielectric pakati pawo zimathandiza kuti zizindikirozi zisasokoneze wina ndi mzake.Pawiri wosanjikiza PCB ndi ambiri komanso ndalama dera bolodi kupanga.
Ma PCB osanjikiza awiri ndi ofanana ndi ma PCB osanjikiza amodzi, koma amakhala ndi theka lakumunsi loyang'ana.Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma PCB osanjikiza awiri, dielectric wosanjikiza ndi wokhuthala kuposa ma PCB osanjikiza amodzi.Kuonjezera apo, pali zokutira zamkuwa pamwamba ndi pansi pazitsulo za dielectric.Kuphatikiza apo, pamwamba ndi pansi pa bolodi laminated zimakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa solder.
Chithunzi cha PCB yamitundu iwiri nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati sangweji yamitundu itatu, yokhala ndi imvi yokhuthala pakati yomwe imayimira dielectric, mikwingwirima yofiirira kumtunda ndi kumunsi ndikuyimira mkuwa, ndi mikwingwirima yobiriwira pamwamba ndi pansi. woimira solder kukana wosanjikiza.
Ubwino:
● Kapangidwe kake kamapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera pazida zosiyanasiyana.
● Kapangidwe kotsika mtengo kamene kamapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kupanga zambiri.
● Mapangidwe osavuta.
● Kukula kochepa koyenera zipangizo zosiyanasiyana.
Mapulogalamu:
Ma PCB amitundu iwiri ndi oyenera pazida zambiri zosavuta komanso zovuta zamagetsi.Zitsanzo za zida zopangidwa mochuluka zomwe zimakhala ndi ma PCB awiri osanjikiza ndi awa:
● Mayunitsi a HVAC, makina otenthetsera m'nyumba ndi kuziziritsa kuchokera kumitundu yosiyanasiyana zonse zimaphatikizapo ma board osindikizira amitundu iwiri.
● Ma Amplifiers, ma PCB okhala ndi zigawo ziwiri ali ndi zida zokulitsa zomwe oimba ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito.
● Makina osindikizira, ma peripheral osiyanasiyana apakompyuta amadalira ma PCB amitundu iwiri.
3-3.PCB ya magawo anayi
A 4-wosanjikiza PCB ndi osindikizidwa dera bolodi ndi zigawo zinayi conductive: pamwamba, zigawo ziwiri zamkati, ndi pansi.Zigawo zonse zamkati ndi pachimake, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu kapena ndege yapansi, pamene zigawo zakunja ndi zapansi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika zigawo ndi zizindikiro zamayendedwe.
Zigawo zakunja nthawi zambiri zimakutidwa ndi solder resist layer yokhala ndi mapepala owonekera kuti apereke malo olumikizira zida zokwera pamwamba ndi zida zapabowo.Kudzera m'mabowo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka kulumikizana pakati pa zigawo zinayi, zomwe zimayikidwa pamodzi kuti zipange bolodi.
Nayi kugawanika kwa zigawo izi:
- Gawo 1: Pansi, nthawi zambiri imakhala yamkuwa.Imakhala ngati maziko a bolodi lonse ladera, kupereka chithandizo kwa zigawo zina.
- Gawo 2: Wosanjikiza mphamvu.Amatchulidwa motere chifukwa amapereka mphamvu zoyera komanso zokhazikika pazigawo zonse za board board.
- Layer 3: Zosanjikiza zapansi, zomwe zimakhala ngati gwero lazinthu zonse pagulu lozungulira.
- Gawo 4: Wosanjikiza wapamwamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira ma siginoni ndikupereka malo olumikizirana ndi zida.
Mu mapangidwe a PCB a 4-wosanjikiza, 4 mkuwa umasiyanitsidwa ndi zigawo za 3 za dielectric zamkati ndipo zimasindikizidwa pamwamba ndi pansi ndi zigawo za solder resist.Childs, kamangidwe malamulo 4-wosanjikiza PCBs anasonyeza ntchito 9 kuda ndi 3 mitundu - bulauni kwa mkuwa, imvi pachimake ndi prepreg, ndi zobiriwira kwa solder kukana.
Ubwino:
● Kukhalitsa - Ma PCB osanjikiza anayi ndi olimba kuposa ma board akusanjika umodzi ndi magulu awiri.
● Kukula kwapang'onopang'ono - Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka ma PCB osanjikiza anayi amatha kukhala ndi zida zosiyanasiyana.
●Kusinthasintha - Ma PCB a magawo anayi amatha kugwira ntchito mumitundu ingapo ya zida zamagetsi, kuphatikiza zosavuta komanso zovuta.
● Chitetezo - Pogwirizanitsa bwino mphamvu ndi zigawo zapansi, ma PCB a magawo anayi amatha kuteteza kusokonezedwa ndi ma elekitiroma.
● Zopepuka - Zida zokhala ndi ma PCB osanjikiza anayi zimafuna mawaya ochepa mkati, motero zimakhala zopepuka kulemera kwake.
Mapulogalamu:
● Satellite Systems - Ma PCB amitundu ingapo ali ndi ma satellite ozungulira.
● Zipangizo Zam'manja - Matelefoni ndi matabuleti amakhala ndi ma PCB osanjikiza anayi.
● Zida Zofufuza Zamlengalenga - Mabokosi osindikizira amitundu yambiri amapereka mphamvu ku zipangizo zowunikira malo.
3-4.6 zigawo pcb
A 6-wosanjikiza PCB kwenikweni ndi bolodi la 4-wosanjikiza ndi zigawo ziwiri zowonjezera zowonjezeredwa pakati pa ndege.Mulingo wa PCB wosanjikiza wa 6-wosanjikiza umaphatikizapo zigawo 4 (ziwiri zakunja ndi ziwiri zamkati) ndi ndege ziwiri zamkati (imodzi yapansi ndi ina yamphamvu).
Kupereka zigawo zamkati za 2 za zizindikiro zothamanga kwambiri ndi zigawo za 2 zakunja kwa zizindikiro zotsika kwambiri zimakulitsa kwambiri EMI (kusokoneza magetsi).EMI ndi mphamvu yama siginecha mkati mwa zida zamagetsi zomwe zimasokonezedwa ndi ma radiation kapena induction.
Pali makonzedwe osiyanasiyana a 6-wosanjikiza PCB, koma kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, chizindikiro, ndi zigawo zapansi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimadalira zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito.
Mulingo wokhazikika wa PCB wa 6-wosanjikiza umaphatikizapo wosanjikiza wapamwamba - prepreg - wosanjikiza wamkati - pachimake - chosanjikiza chamkati - prepreg - wosanjikiza wamkati - pachimake - mphamvu yamkati - prepreg - pansi.
Ngakhale uku ndikusintha kokhazikika, sikungakhale koyenera pamapangidwe onse a PCB, ndipo pangakhale kofunikira kuyikanso zigawo kapena kukhala ndi zigawo zina.Komabe, kuyendetsa bwino kwa mawaya ndi kuchepetsa kwa crosstalk kuyenera kuganiziridwa powayika.
Ubwino:
● Kulimba - Ma PCB osanjikiza asanu ndi limodzi ndi okhuthala kuposa omwe anali ocheperako ndipo motero amakhala olimba.
● Compactness - Mabodi okhala ndi zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi za makulidwe awa ali ndi luso laukadaulo ndipo amatha kudya m'lifupi mwake.
● Kuchuluka kwakukulu - Ma PCB a zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena kuposerapo amapereka mphamvu zokwanira pa zipangizo zamagetsi ndipo amachepetsa kwambiri kuthekera kwa crosstalk ndi electromagnetic interference.
Mapulogalamu:
● Makompyuta - Ma PCB a 6-layer anathandizira kupititsa patsogolo makompyuta amunthu, kuwapangitsa kukhala ophatikizika, opepuka, komanso othamanga.
● Kusungirako deta - Kuchuluka kwa ma PCB a zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi kwapangitsa kuti zipangizo zosungiramo deta zichuluke kwambiri pazaka khumi zapitazi.
● Ma alamu amoto - Pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa ozungulira 6 kapena kuposerapo, makina a alamu amakhala olondola kwambiri panthawi yozindikira zoopsa zenizeni.
Pamene chiwerengero cha zigawo mu bolodi losindikizidwa losindikizidwa likuwonjezeka kupyola gawo lachinayi ndi lachisanu ndi chimodzi, zigawo zambiri zamkuwa zowonjezera ndi zigawo za dielectric zimawonjezeredwa ku stackup.
Mwachitsanzo, eyiti-wosanjikiza PCB lili ndege zinayi ndi zigawo zinayi chizindikiro mkuwa - eyiti okwana - olumikizidwa ndi mizere isanu ndi iwiri ya zinthu dielectric.Zosanjikiza zisanu ndi zitatu zimasindikizidwa ndi zigawo za dielectric solder mask pamwamba ndi pansi.Kwenikweni, kusanjika kwa zigawo zisanu ndi zitatu za PCB ndizofanana ndi zosanjikiza zisanu ndi chimodzi, koma ndi gawo lowonjezera la mkuwa ndi prepreg.
Shenzhen ANKE PCB Co., LTD
2023-6-17
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-26-2023
